Social Studies
Introductory Overview
Ambassador Letter
Dear Valued Guests,
The Philippines is my motherland and while a foreigner such as you will come here as if it is just another spot on earth, I approach the Philippines as my guardian and my teacher. I will now share with you the ability to see this country through my eyes. The Philippines will no longer be disregarded as a land of corruption but a tropical paradise alive with picturesque landscapes, a structured government, amiable people, and a blooming culture. It is my hope that you will then grasp how we as Filipinos define ourselves and our place in the world. If the land of the Philippines can speak, it will have many stories to tell. It is my honor to be its voice.
By simply looking at the geography of the Philippines, you will realize that this country is its own individual. The Philippines is an archipelago, a group of many islands together. The land area stretches 300, 000 square kilometers in Southeast Asia, north of Indonesia. The Philippines is famous for its 7,107 islands. Owing to its place on the north of the equator, the Philippines can only face a tropical marine climate; a fact adored by many beach-goers. It is not landlocked, sharing no borders with its neighbors like Malaysia and China. Instead, the Philippines is enclosed by major bodies of water including the South China Sea, the Philippine Sea, and the Sulu Sea. The country is segregated into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. These groups are divided into 17 regions, 81 provinces, and 136 cities. Our capital city is Manila, located in Luzon. Most of the mountainous landscapes in the Philippines are volcanic but nowadays, any activities are too weak to be dangerous. One volcano in particular, called the Mayon Volcano, is described as the most exquisite volcano in the world with its flawless symmetrical cone shape lying on the flat setting of Southern Luzon.
It is merely one of the many evidences that reveal the brilliance of this country. With rich soil and sultry sunshine all through the year, the Philippines is said to be one of the most biologically prosperous terrains in the world.
Today, the Philippines is a democratic republic with a well-structured government. Our independence was secured on June 12, 1898. The 1987 Constitution remains the key to our government structure and was modeled after the American system. Another American influence can be seen in government buildings. For instance, the Philippine Congress Building located in Manila resembled the White House in Washington D.C.
The government has three branches, called the executive, legislative, and judicial. The president, the vice president, and the Cabinet belonged to the executive branch. The current President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was elected by the citizens and can only serve for six years. Limitations were created to prevent tyrannical rule, such as the time of President Ferdinand Marcos. The elected vice president, Noli De Castro, and the appointed Cabinet follow after. The Cabinet is formed by different government ministries, such as the Department of Education. The legislative, which duty is to enact laws, consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Supreme Court, which oversees justice in the country, heads the judiciary sector. Some political analysts will even argue that this country actually has an extra branch, which is believed to be the Armed Forces of the Philippines since they are a key influence to the verdicts made in the country. With a regimented system to support the government structure, the Philippine administration is continuing to move the nation forward.
Our population exceeds 91 million but in spite of that whopping figure, surveys have shown that we are among the happiest people in the world.
Our genial conversations are typically in English and the national language, Tagalog. Over the years, we have taken over qualities from our three ancestors, the Malays, Chinese, and Spaniards. The Malays gave us the ability to make strong coalitions. Our close family ties and respect for the elders are believed to be from the Chinese. The religious piety planted in our character can be detected from the Spaniards, who familiarized Christianity to the Philippines during their colonial rule. From all of these, there is one quality about us that differentiates us from the rest of the world and that is our hospitality. We live and interact with warmth, showing off our extroverted persona. Due to our familiarity with Western tastes, the works of Filipino designers are broadly sought after and recognized for their craftsmanship and originality. Filipinos also own commendable engineering skills and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras prove so. The enchanting terraces trailing the forms of the mountains demonstrate the creativity in which Filipinos work. Nowadays, more people are starting to operate in cities. Then again, there are some that are still rooted to the old ways like the Ifugao farmers who created the terraces. From what you have heard and seen, Filipinos possess an unparalleled optimistic spirit that has allowed us to show the world the power that derives from every Filipino.
Just like our people, the culture of the Philippines exhibits a civilization with a diverse assortment of cultural impacts. The Malay’s influence can be clearly seen in the Philippines’ traditional tribal folk dances and music. The Chinese introduced foods to the Philippines in its early years and Filipino-Chinese foods were born. It is our main food staple, rice, which Filipinos and the Chinese have in common. When the Spaniards came, they brought in Christianity and convinced a majority of our nation to convert into Christians. The baroque churches seen nowadays have a European architectural design that was borrowed from the Spaniards by Philippine craftsmen.
Our widespread love for fiestas is also obtained from the Spaniards. Filipinos hold a gift for singing, dancing, and entertaining people. Nowadays, our culture seeks for more Western inspirations but Filipino artists are not afraid to blend in Philippines’ distinct ideas into the modernized world. By conveying the cultural variety of this country, they have managed to mold the Philippine culture in a way that offers this land a national identity.
The Philippines is rich with various unique things that are unmatched to what the rest of the world has to offer. From the geography and the government to the people and the culture, this country is a bundle of surprises. This is a world that unites numerous cultures from around the globe. This is a land distinct from all and that is how we as Filipinos see ourselves. We are unique and irreplaceable. We are marked by an exotic fusion of ethnicities. We are the passion that drives life to its fullest. If you have truly discovered Philippines, then you would have discovered the whole world.
Respectfully yours,
Representative of the Philippines
Maps of the Philippines
Country Issues
The Philippines is said to be a developing Asian image of the West, but the government still struggles to deal with national issues such as population growth and the scarcity of resources. This country has too many people, not enough provisions. Until the government can concentrate on the rising population growth and the declining of resources, the Philippines’ success story is still far from over.“… in a country where the budget is already stretched and where poverty is high to begin with, population growth becomes a major issue,” the Asian Development Bank informed. This report echoes the state of the Philippines these days. It is now the home of 91,077,287 people and is estimated to hold 111 million people by 2015. 40% of the people who are living way below the poverty line cannot afford the rising food prices, due to the overpopulation issue, and are forced to starve. Yet, they are blamed for this. It is believed that the poor are prone to have more children than the rich, not just because they lack education on family planning. They assume that if they have more children, at least one of them might earn a fine job to help the family out of poverty. The government, however, should be held liable as well. The Catholic Church, an imperative component of the country, does not sponsor birth control and child policy. This issue remains a debate between the church and the administration. The Philippines’ staggering population growth today remains a trial that is testing both the nation’s financial desires and religious beliefs.As a result of the number of people in the Philippines, resources required to support them are being drained out more than it should. Natural supplies needed to boost the economy are being eliminated. One issue, concerning resource scarcity in this country, is deforestation. This national predicament started when the Philippines became the supreme provider of rainforest timbers. In the 1970’s, it became plain that deforestation was taking its toll. Yet, no laws were ratified to inhibit logging. At this point, the land’s supply of trees became scarcer. The government does not care strongly about deforestation for they look towards economic gain rather than the future sustainability of the land. Deforestation is the creator of many disasters in the Philippines such as floods and landslides. Having one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, the Philippines today has two thirds of its forests wiped out. With the substantial amount of people to furnish for, resource scarcity issues like deforestation is a pounding puzzle the Philippines needs to solve.Similar to every country in the world, the Philippines faces many issues that threaten the country’s health. However, it is the fact that the government does not fully realize the urgency of recovering that creates the setback to a better future. Without overpopulation in the Philippines, the land would then be able to provide for its people since resources would not be stressed out. It is clear that overpopulation and resource scarcity such as deforestation interrelate with each other. It is a vital necessity for the government to see that by solving one national crisis, they can sort out other webs of dilemmas as well.
Timeline of Key Events
March 16, 1521
A Spanish expedition directed by Ferdinand Magellan arrives at the Philippines. Magellan begins exploring the islands. This event initialized the discovery of the Philippines to the rest of the world. On this date, the Philippines is informally recognized and Spain’s interest in claiming the islands is born as they start sending in more explorers to scout the land.
1886
José Rizal, a Filipino writer and freedom fighter, composes an anti-Spanish novel in hopes of expanding the idea of independence. This occurrence is destined to bring the Filipino natives together in order to plan a revolution against Spain.
December 30, 1896
José Rizal is executed by Spanish soldiers on this day because of suspicions on taking part in a rebellious plan against the government. This day results in public outrage and unites the Philippine natives to rise up against Spanish rule. Due to Rizal’s death, the Philippines and its own people will start to take action in their revolt and make the revolution official.
June 12, 1898
The Philippines declares its independence. This is the day when the Philippine flag is first raised and the national anthem is first performed.
December 12, 1898
The signing of the Treaty of Paris terminates the Spanish-American War. The Spanish relinquishes the Philippines to the United States of America. The Philippines will eventually start living the ‘western’ way and leading to another insurgence against a foreign country.
1901
The United States of America captures Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Katipunan freedom-fighter group. Hence, the Americans claim that the war between them and the Philippines is over. This day signifies the time in Philippine history when the people’s full freedom is starting to be acknowledged.
1934
America finally approves the undertaking of making the Philippines an independent country. With this event happening, the Philippines will soon start their own way of life and strengthens the association between the country and America that still exists today. However, the transition to freedom does not begin until 1946.
December 7, 1941
The Japanese invades the Philippines during the time of World War II. They defeat General Douglas MacArthur, an American general and Field Marshal (military advisor) to the Philippine Army, in the islands of Bataan and Corregidor. This episode in history is an explosive and chilling time for the nation as they soon start living a Japanese lifestyle under the hands of the Japanese military. This event also forces the transition to full independence to be postponed.
July 5, 1945
General MacArthur and his army manage to defeat the Japanese. As a result, the Japanese flee from the Philippines. Afterward, the Americans and Filipinos continue to work on the liberation of the Philippines. This period is important because it will ultimately make the Philippines a free nation with a secured independence.
July 4, 1946
The Philippines officially becomes an independent, self-governing nation. This day means everything to all Filipinos as it marks the first time that the Philippines can start to fashion and control the country the way that they want to, which is democratically.
1983
Corazon Aquino, the wife of a ‘government-assassinated’ husband, leads the People Power Revolution to bring down the Philippines’ dictatorial president, Ferdinand Marcos. This proves to be one of the most important events in the nation’s history as it shows the world which group actually has real power and can control the Philippines. It is also the time when the Philippines influences the rest of the world to use non-violence in order to achieve political change.
February 26, 1986
Corazon Aquino loses in the presidential election against Marcos due to vote fraud. This bring about riots on the streets by Filipino citizens. Marcos escapes from the Philippines with his family, while Aquino starts to form a new government. This is an important date because the Philippines finally rid itself of a corrupted leader and the first female president is elected in the country.
1987
A new Constitution is passed through the vote of everyone in the Philippines. This has become the framework of Aquino’s administration and is one of the earliest true democratic gestures in the Philippines. This 1987 Constitution is still ruling the country today, proving that this period marks the beginning of recovery for the Philippines.
2001
A public outrage arises over Joseph Estrada, the president at that time, due to his corruption within the government. This eventually leads to the second People Power Revolution, forcing Estrada to step down. The vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, takes up the presidential position, making her the second female president of this country. Due to Arroyo’s presidency, many uprisings from the people will spark up in the future. Until today, there are still concerns and discontents regarding Arroyo’s ability to manage the country properly.
Bibliography
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